MPLS stands for “Multiprotocol Label Switching” and revolutionized data transmission by providing an efficient way to route data packets in connection-oriented, connectionless networks. Instead of calculating the best route for each stopover, as was previously the case, MPLS defines the paths that a packet will take in advance. This is done by assigning labels that define the path from start to finish. MPLS operates between layer 2 and layer 3 of the OSI model and can be integrated into various network infrastructures.
The implementation of MPLS requires the provision of MPLS-capable routers. MPLS can be seamlessly integrated into various types of network infrastructures, including Internet Protocol (IP), Frame Relay and Ethernet. Furthermore, MPLS also works in Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). The paths, also known as Label Switched Paths (LSP), can be activated manually, semi-automatically or fully automatically. In addition to the conventional header, the data packets receive an MPLS header containing the routing information.
MPLS offers numerous advantages, including faster data transmission, high scalability, increased security in private networks, improved transmission quality thanks to Quality of Service (QoS) and service level agreements, as well as centralized network control that conserves internal resources. MPLS also enables various applications such as traffic engineering and the prioritization of services. Compared to IP-based networks, MPLS offers a more secure transport option and effectively combines routing and switching to create a fast and reliable path.