Layer 2 switches originate from the OSI model (Open System Interconnect model), a reference model that explains network communication. This model has 7 layers, whereby layer 2 switches are located on layer 2, the data link layer.
Layer 2 switches connect all client devices and associated network devices in a LAN. They are responsible for switching in the OSI model. Frames are forwarded from the source port to the destination port using the MAC address. Accordingly, they regulate the network traffic of devices within a LAN. The function of layer 2 switches is limited to the ability to switch frames from one port to another within the same network. Layer 2 switches benefit from higher speed and performance than layer 3 switches. However, routing and connection to the Internet are not possible.
Advantages are, for example, no set-up or administration required, forwarding of packets based on unique MAC addresses, cost-saving and low latency times as well as improved security. Layer 2 switches play a crucial role in the network infrastructure of companies, educational institutions and organizations.
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